The Eyestripe Surgeonfish can be recognised by its colouration. It has a yellowish brown body covered with irregular blue lines. Its head is yellow with blue spots and lines. There is an irregular yellow spot behind the eye, and a yellow band across the interorbital (glossary).
The dorsal and anal fins are yellow with a blue margin and a blue stripe at the base. The caudal fin is blue with black spots.
All species in the genus Acanthurus have an erectile spine on the caudal peduncle (glossary). The spine of the Eyestripe Surgeonfish is white. The socket and membrane attached to the spine are black.
This species grows to 50cm in length.
It is found in tropical marine waters of the Indo-West and Central Pacific.
In Australia it is recorded in north-western Western Australian waters and from the northern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland to the central coast of New South Wales.